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第二篇One一Room SchoolsOne-room sohools are part of the heritage of the United States,and the mention of them makeo PeoPle feel a longing for"the way things were".One-room schools are an endangered species,however.For more than a hundred years,one-room schools have been systematically shut down and their students sent away to centralized schools.As recently as 1930 there were 149,000 one-room schools in the United States.By 1970 there werel,800.Today,of the nearly 800 remaining one-room schools,more than 350 are in Nebraska.The rest are spread through a few other states that have on their road maps wide-open spaces between towns.Now that there are hardly any left,educators are beginning to think that maybe there 15 something yet to be leamed from one-room schools,something that served the pioneers that might serve as well today.Progres- sive educators have come uP with progressive-sounding names like"peer-group teaching"and"multi-age grouping" for educational procedures that occur naturally in one-room schools.In a one-room school the chil- dren teach each other because the teacher 15 busy part of the time teaching someone else.A fourth grader can work at a fifth-grade level in math and a third-grade level in English without the bad name associated with being left back or the pressures of being skiPped ahead.A youngster with a learning disability can find his or her own level without being separated from the other pupils.A few hours in a small school that has only oneclassroom and it becomes clear why so many parents feel that one of the advantages of living in Nebraska is that their children have to go to a one-room school.
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U.S.Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world.Health and Human Services Secretary, Tommy Thompson, signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC)this week at the United Nations.The Senate must still approve the treaty before the U.S.can implement its provisions. 2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly,including the United States,last year.Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies. 3 For instance,cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack.The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes,restrictions on smoking in public places,and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs.It also requires bans on tobacco advertising,though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States,where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban. 4 The impact of the treaty could be huge.The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year.In the U.S.alone,about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses;about one-third of all cancers in the U.S.are caused by tobacco use.If current trends continue,WHO estimates,by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year. 5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect.So far,109 countries have signed it,and 1 2 have ratified it.