2024年成考高起点《数学(理)》每日一练试题03月30日

<p class="introTit">单选题</p><p>1、设函数<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/15641163f4b1b54.png" />，则f(x+1)=（）</p><ul><li>A：x²+2x+1</li><li>B：x²+2x</li><li>C：x²+1</li><li>D：x²</li></ul><p>答 案：B</p><p>解 析：<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/15641167631a1eb.png" /></p><p>2、设甲：<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/15641165369dc0c.png" />；乙：<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/156411653e04dd6.png" />.则（）</p><ul><li>A：甲是乙的必要条件但不是充分条件</li><li>B：甲是乙的充分条件但不是必要条件</li><li>C：甲是乙的充要条件</li><li>D：甲既不是乙的充分条件也不是乙的必要条件</li></ul><p>答 案：A</p><p>解 析：三角形相似不一定全等，但三角形全等一定相似，因此，甲是乙的必要条件但不是充分条件．</p><p>3、将一颗骰子抛掷1次,到的点数为偶数的概率为  </p><ul><li>A：<img src='https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642253b027cee.png' /></li><li>B：<img src='https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642253b3b5865.png' /></li><li>C：<img src='https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642253beb605d.png' /></li><li>D：<img src='https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642253b9ec882.png' /></li></ul><p>答 案：D</p><p>解 析：一颗骰子的点数分别为1,2,3,4,5,6,其中偶数与奇数各占一半,故抛掷1次,得到的点数为偶数的概率为<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/286422545e57429.png" /></p><p>4、从点M(x,3)向圆<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864224d89e6386.png" />作切线，切线的最小值等于（）  </p><ul><li>A：4</li><li>B：<img src='https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864224da12068a.png' /></li><li>C：5</li><li>D：<img src='https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864224da7648e6.png' /></li></ul><p>答 案：B</p><p>解 析：如图,相切是直线与圆的位置关系中的一种，此题利用圆心坐标、半径，求出切线长. 由圆的方程知,圆心为B(-2,-2),半径为1，设切点为A，<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864224fb292668.png" /> 由勾股定理得， <img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864224fdde65a2.png" /><img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864224fe756e3a.png" /><img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864224feb9db09.png" /><img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864224ff1e7eb2.png" /> 当x+2=0时，MA取最小值，最小值为<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642250091e1b3.png" /> <img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864225047b55db.png" />  </p><p class="introTit">主观题</p><p>1、为了测河的宽,在岸边选定两点A和B,望对岸标记物C,测得<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864228db8c0e49.png" />AB=120m,求河的宽 <img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864228dd64bdcb.png" /></p><p>答 案：如图， <img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864228df3f06d3.png" /> ∵∠C=180°-30°-75°=75° ∴△ABC为等腰三角形，则AC=AB=120m 过C做CD⊥AB,则由Rt△ACD可求得CD=<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864228e8a387f3.png" />=60m， 即河宽为60m  </p><p>2、设函数f(x)=<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642286431b211.png" /> (Ⅰ)求f(x)的单调区间; (Ⅱ)求 f(x)的极值</p><p>答 案：(Ⅰ)函数的定义域为<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642286bee9cc3.png" /> <img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642286c7d68a9.png" /> (Ⅱ)<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642286d3444c8.png" />  </p><p>3、设函数f(x)=xlnx+x.(I）求曲线y=f(x）在点（(1,f(1))处的切线方程；<br />(II）求f（x）的极值．</p><p>答 案：(I）f(1)=1,f'(x)=2+lnx，故f'(1)=2.所以曲线y=f(x）在点（1,f(1))处的切线方程为y=2x-1.(II）令f'(x)=0，解得<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/1564116d2d14a94.png" />当<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/1564116d3d33026.png" />时，f'(x)<O；当<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/1564116d6f6aec3.png" />时，f'(x)＞O.故f(x）在区间<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/1564116db9a0764.png" />单调递减，在区间<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/1564116dc99fc91.png" />单调递增．因此f(x）在<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/1564116ddb842d0.png" />时取得极小值<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/1564116de4f1b79.png" /></p><p>4、在正四棱柱ABCD-A'B'C'D'中，<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642255fa50503.png" /> （Ⅰ）写出向量<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/286422561b1d145.png" />关于基底{a,b,c}的分解式 （Ⅱ）求证：<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/286422563d58cde.png" /> （Ⅲ）求证：<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642256478aacd.png" />  </p><p>答 案：(Ⅰ)由题意知(如图所示) <img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/286422566983935.png" /> <img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642256740213a.png" /><img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/286422567c06c5d.png" /> (Ⅱ)<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864225695c5fbd.png" /><img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/286422569cdc533.png" /> (Ⅲ)<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642256a537b6d.png" /> 由已知，a,c是正四棱柱的棱，a,b,c两两垂直 <img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642256d1c4379.png" />  </p><p class="introTit">填空题</p><p>1、函数<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642285dd68e2c.png" />的定义域是（）</p><p>答 案：<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642285f367786.png" /></p><p>解 析：<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/28642285fcec513.png" /><img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/2864228601aa2da.png" />所以函数<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/286422860d8135c.png" />的定义域是<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/286422861644b62.png" /></p><p>2、长方体的长、宽、高分别为2,3,6，则该长方体的对角线长为（）</p><p>答 案：7</p><p>解 析：由题可知长方体的底面的对角线长为<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/1564116b1132166.png" />，则在由高、底面对角线、长方体的对角线组成的三角形中，长方体的对角线长为<img src="https://img2.meite.com/questions/202303/1564116b3811959.png" /></p>